Ilegal Employment of Third-Country Nationals: 2017-2022 Situation Analysis

This EMN informs includes an up-to-date analysis of key legislative and policy frameworks and practices to prevent, identify and tackle the illegal employment of third-country nationals, including beneficiaries of temporary protection (BoTP). It also provides examples of challenges and good practices.

The study classifies third-country nationals engaged in illegal employment into three main groups: those legally residing but working undeclared; those legally residing but violating the terms of their residence or work permit; and those irregularly staying and working in the country. It also considers cases of illegal self-employment, notably in platform work, which can fit into any of these categories.